Kintaro
Kintarō ( often translated as "Golden Boy") is a folk hero from the Japanese
folklore tradition. A child of superhuman strength, he was raised by a mountain
ogress on Mount Ashigara. He became friendly with the animals of the mountain,
and later, after catching the terror of the region around Mount Ooe, Shutendouji,
he became a loyal follower of Minamoto no Yorimitsu, Sakata no Kintoki. Now, it
is a custom to put up a Kintarō doll on Boy's Day, in the hope that the sons of
the time will become equally brave and strong.
Kintarō is based on a real man named Sakata no Kintoki who lived during the
Heian period and probably came from what is now the city of Minami-ashigara. He
served as a retainer for the samurai Yorimitsu Minamoto and became well known
for his abilities as a warrior. As with many larger-than-life individuals,
however, his legend has grown with time.
Legend
Several competing stories tell of Kintaro's childhood. In one, he was raised by
his mother, Princess Yaegiri, daughter of a wealthy man named Shiman-choja, in
the village of Jizodo, near Mt. Kintoki. In a competing legend, his mother gave
birth to him in what is now Sakata. She was forced to flee, however, due to
fighting
between her husband, a samurai named Sakata, and his uncle. She finally settled
in the forests of Mt. Kintoki to raise her son. Alternatively, Kintaro's real
mother left the child in the wilds or died and left him an orphan, and he was
raised by the mountain witch Yama-uba (one tale says Kintaro's mother raised him
in the wilds, but due to her haggard appearance, she came to be called Yama-uba).
In the most fanciful version of the tale, Yama-uba was Kintaro's mother,
impregnated by a clap of thunder sent from a red dragon of Mt. Ashigara.
The legends agree that even as a toddler, Kintarō was active and indefatigable,
plump and ruddy, wearing only a bib with the Chinese character for "gold" on it.
His only other accoutrement was a hatchet (a Chinese symbol of thunder). He was
bossy to other children (or there simply were no other children in the forest),
so his friends were mainly the animals of Mt. Kintoki and Mt. Ashigara. He was
also phenomenally strong, able to smash rocks into pieces, uproot trees, and
bend trunks like twigs. His animal friends served him as messengers and mounts,
and some legends say that he even learned to speak their language. Several tales
tell of Kintaro's adventures, fighting monsters and demons, beating bears in
sumo wrestling, and helping the local woodcutters fell trees.
As an adult, Kintarō changed his name to Kintoki Sakata. He met the samurai
Yorimitsu Minamoto as he passed through the area around Mt. Kintoki. Minamoto
was impressed by Kintaro's enormous strength, so he took him as one of his
personal retainers to live with him in Kyoto. Kintoki studied martial arts there
and eventually became the chief of Yorimitsu's "Four Braves" and renown for his
strength and martial prowess. He eventually went back for his mother and brought
her to Kyoto as well.
Kintarō in Modern Japan
Kintarō is an extremely popular figure in Japan, and his image adorns everything
from statues to storybooks, anime, manga to action figures. For example, the
anime Golden Boy stars a character with the same name. Kintarō candy has been
around since the Edo period; no matter how the candy is cut, Kintarō's face
appears inside. Japanese tradition is to decorate the room of a newborn baby boy
with Kintarō dolls on Children's Day (May 5) so that the child will grow up to
be strong like the Golden Boy. A shrine dedicated to the folk hero lies at the
foot of Mt. Kintoki in the Hakone area near Tokyo. Nearby is a giant boulder
that was supposedly chopped in half by the boy hero himself.
Momotaro Kintaro Urashima Taro Issun Boshi Tamamo no Mae Shita kiri Suzume Kiyohime
Bancho Sarayashiki Yotsuya Kaidan Kachi kachi Yama Hanasaka Jiisan Kamishibai
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