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Zeus king of the gods
Zeus is the king of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus, and god of
the sky and thunder, in Greek mythology. His symbols are the thunderbolt, bull,
eagle and the oak.
The son of Cronus and Rhea, he was the youngest of his siblings. He was married
to Hera in most traditions, although at the oracle of Dodona his consort was
Dione: according to the Iliad, he is the father of Aphrodite by Dione.
Accordingly, he is known for his erotic escapades, including one pederastic
relationship, with Ganymede. His trysts resulted in many famous offspring,
including Athena, Apollo and Artemis, Hermes, Persephone (by Demeter), Dionysus,
Perseus, Heracles, Helen, Minos, and the Muses (by Mnemosyne); by Hera he is
usually said to have sired Ares, Hebe and Hephaestus.
His Roman counterpart was Jupiter, and his Etruscan counterpart was Tinia.
Birth
Cronus sired several children by Rhea: Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, and
Poseidon, but swallowed them all as soon as they were born, since he had learned
from Gaia and Uranus that he was destined to be overcome by his own son as he
had overthrown his own father— an oracle that Zeus was to hear and avert. But
when Zeus was about to be born, Rhea sought Gaia to devise a plan to save him,
so that Cronus would get his retribution for his acts against Uranus and his own
children. Rhea gave birth to Zeus in Crete, handing Cronus a rock wrapped in
swaddling clothes, which he promptly swallowed. His mother hid Zeus in a basket
under a tree and was raised by a shepherd family under the promise that their
sheep would be saved from wolves.
Zeus becomes king of the gods
After reaching manhood, Zeus forced Cronus to disgorge first the stone (which
was set down at Pytho under the glens of Parnassus to be a sign to mortal men,
the Omphalos) then his siblings in reverse order of swallowing. In some
versions, Metis gave Cronus an emetic to force him to disgorge the babies, or
Zeus cut Cronus' stomach open. Then Zeus released the brothers of Cronus, the
Gigantes, the Hecatonchires and the Cyclopes, from their dungeon in Tartarus
(The Titans; he killed their guard, Campe. As gratitude, the Cyclopes gave him
thunder and the thunderbolt, or lightning, which had previously been hidden by
Gaia.) Together, Zeus and his brothers and sisters, along with the Gigantes,
Hecatonchires and Cyclopes overthrew Cronus and the other Titans, in the combat
called the Titanomachy. The defeated Titans were then cast into a shadowy
underworld region known as Tartarus. Atlas, one of the titans that fought
against Zeus, was punished by having to hold up the sky.
After the battle with the Titans, Zeus shared the world with his elder brothers,
Poseidon and Hades, by drawing lots: Zeus got the sky and air, Poseidon the
waters, and Hades the world of the dead (the underworld). The ancient Earth,
Gaia, could not be claimed; she was left to all three, each according to their
capabilities, which explains why Poseidon was the "earth-shaker" (the god of
earthquakes) and Hades claimed the humans that died. (See also: Penthus)
Gaia resented the way Zeus had treated the Titans, because they were her
children. Soon after taking the throne as king of the gods, Zeus had to fight
some of Gaia's other children, the monsters Typhon and Echidna. He vanquished
Typhon and trapped him under a mountain, but left Echidna and her children
alive.
Zeus and Hera
Zeus was brother and consort of Hera. By Hera, Zeus sired Ares, Hebe and
Hephaestus, though some accounts say that Hera produced these offspring alone.
Some also include Eileithyia as their daughter. The conquests of Zeus among
nymphs and the mythic mortal progenitors of Hellenic dynasties are famous.
Olympian mythography even credits him with unions with Leto, Demeter, Latona,
Dione and Maia.
Among the mortals: Semele, Io, Europa and Leda. (For more details, see below).
Many myths renders Hera as jealous of his amorous conquests and a consistent
enemy of Zeus' mistresses and their children by him. For a time, a nymph named
Echo had the job of distracting Hera from his affairs by incessantly talking:
when Hera discovered the deception, she cursed Echo to repeat the words of
others.
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